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01 June 2019Volume 7 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Understanding of Negative Emotions in Children Aged 3～6 Years: Roles of Inhibitory Control and Empathy TIAN Yuan, LIU Fuli, SU Yanjie Psychology: Techniques and Application. 2019, 7 (6):  321-331.  DOI: 10.16842/j.cnki.issn2095-5588.2019.06.001 Abstract ( 699 )   PDF（pc） (817KB) ( 1335 )   Save Studies were conducted to investigate the ability to understand negative emotions and explore how inhibition control and empathy affected childrens emotion understanding among 86 children aged 3 to 6 years by using color as a symbol for emotion. The results showed children using different colors to symbolize emotions of different valences, and innteraction between inhibitory control and empathy was found on the understanding of negative emotions. Children with strong inhibitory control better understood others negative emotions, regardless of empathy, and empathy only affected children with weak inhibitory control. Besides, effects of different components of empathy on understanding of negative emotions varied with age. Affective empathy played a major role in 3-to 4-year-olds, while cognitive empathy played a major role in 5-to 6-year-olds. These findings suggest that color as a symbol for emotion was an effective way to study childrens emotion understanding. Inhibition control and empathy affect the negative emotion understanding of 3~6 year olds. High inhibition control promotes childrens understanding of negative emotions, while low inhibition control requires childrens empathy involvement. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Malleability of Attentional Bias towards Emotional Faces: The Effect of Attentional Processing to Positive Sounds CHEN Yunyun, ZHANG Yajing, LI Jiaju, YAN Bihua Psychology: Techniques and Application. 2019, 7 (6):  332-339.  DOI: 10.16842/j.cnki.issn2095-5588.2019.06.002 Abstract ( 544 )   PDF（pc） (1247KB) ( 1085 )   Save The aim of this research was to investigate how attentional biases towards emotional faces were impacted by attentional processing to auditory stimuli. There were sixty-seven college students recruited in this research and were randomly assigned to complete a computerized task designed to induce selective processing of positive sounds or to a sham condition with auditory adaption of dot-probe paradigm. The attentional biases to emotional faces were measured twice before and after the task with dot-probe paradigm. Our results revealed that participants who completed the computerized task showed more reduction of disengagement bias to angry faces compared to that in sham condition. Whats more, participants in the two groups didnt show different motion change in the whole experiment. We also measured individuals positivity and found that individuals positivity played a moderating role in attentional bias change. People with lower-level positivity obtained more reduction of disengagement bias toward angry faces. Our results support that attentional bias towards visual stimuli could be changed by processing of positive auditory stimuli, which showing great malleability, and is influenced by individual characteristics. Related Articles | Metrics

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Attentional Blink Effect of Safety Warning Signal Words WANG Xueling, GUAN Jian, LI Wenrui Psychology: Techniques and Application. 2019, 7 (6):  340-345.  DOI: 10.16842/j.cnki.issn2095-5588.2019.06.003 Abstract ( 484 )   PDF（pc） (609KB) ( 1415 )   Save Quick identification of safety warning signal words can alert dangerous information. It is not clear whether the safety warning signal words have a priority when there is a resource competition in attention. Current study conducted a 2 (T2 target type: safety warning signal words, neutral words)×3 (time interval: 232ms, 348ms, 464ms) within-subject design with rapid serial visual presentation paradigm, and inspected attentional blink effect of safety warning signal words when the cognitive resource is limited. Results showed that compared to T2 targets were neutral, the accuracy rate of T2 recognition of safety risk signal words under T1 correct recognition condition was higher; The accuracy rate of T2 was improved when the time interval were enlarged; when the time interval was 232ms, the attentional blink effect appeared and there was no significant difference between the safety warning signal words and the neutral words. However, with the increase of the time interval, the recognition accuracy of the safety warning signal words was significantly higher than neutral words and there was a significant difference. We concluded that safety warning signal words weakens the attention blink. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Relationship between Social Class and Trust : A Meta-analysis GONG Jiao, LI Weiqiang, CHEN Ming, TANG Ming, YUAN Bo Psychology: Techniques and Application. 2019, 7 (6):  346-357.  DOI: 10.16842/j.cnki.issn2095-5588.2019.06.004 Abstract ( 827 )   PDF（pc） (846KB) ( 807 )   Save A large body of research has examined the relationship between social class and trust-yet the findings are still inconclusive. A meta-analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between social class and trust, as well as potential moderators of this relationship. A literature searched yielded 12 qualified papers with 27 effects sizes and 115771 participants. Results showed that social class was significantly associated with trust (r=0.05, p<005), and this relationship was moderated by the type of trust measurement. No other moderators were found. The p-cure analysis showed that the p-cures of the meta-analysis was significant right skew states, indicating that the relationship between social class and trust had real effect, not caused by publishing bias or p-hacking. Related Articles | Metrics

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Reliability and Validity Test of Compulsive Internet Use Scale in Chinese College Students MA Lin, LI Jinying Psychology: Techniques and Application. 2019, 7 (6):  358-363.  DOI: 10.16842/j.cnki.issn2095-5588.2019.06.005 Abstract ( 953 )   PDF（pc） (542KB) ( 1831 )   Save To translate and revise the Chinese version of the Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS), and examine its applicability, reliability and validity in Chinese college students, we selects 528 subjects for project analysis and exploratory factor analysis. The inspection of criterion and correlation validity adopts Chinese Internet Addiction Scale. The Compulsive Internet Use Scale is consistent with the original scale, including 14 items. The Cronbach's α was 0.90, the reliability coefficient of split-half was 0.77 and the test-retest stability coefficient was 0.73. The Chinese version of the CIUS has high reliability and validity. It can be used as a measuring tool for college students compulsive Internet use. Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of Organizational Commitment Questionnaire for College Teachers and Its Reliability and Validity Test XIN Miaofei Psychology: Techniques and Application. 2019, 7 (6):  364-377.  DOI: 10.16842/j.cnki.issn2095-5588.2019.06.006 Abstract ( 551 )   PDF（pc） (661KB) ( 2080 )   Save The organizational commitment questionnaire of college teachers was compiled to explore the structural dimensions of organizational commitment of college teachers and investigate the status quo of organizational commitment of college teachers. According to the standardized process of questionnaire preparation, information was collected through literature survey, interview and other methods to compile the project. 317 university teachers in Guangzhou area were selected as the research objects. Project analysis, exploratory factor analysis and reliability and validity test were conducted on the obtained data. The results showed that: (1) through exploratory factor analysis, the questionnaire of teachers organizational commitment consisting of 23 items was obtained, including affective commitment, transaction commitment and normative commitment. The load of each factor was between 0.50 and 0.86, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 70.35%. (2) the internal consistency reliability of the questionnaire was 096, the sub-semi-reliability was 0.91, the retest reliability was 0.94, and the validity standard validity was 0.77. (3) the organizational commitment of teachers in colleges and universities is generally at a medium level, among which the organizational commitment level of young teachers and extra teachers is relatively low. The organizational commitment questionnaire of college teachers compiled in this study has good reliability and validity, which can be used for the research of organizational commitment of college teachers. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Cognitive Mechanism of the Tip-of-the-Tongue Aging MAO Xiaofei, DONG Wei, WEI Cun, DENG Guanghui Psychology: Techniques and Application. 2019, 7 (6):  378-384.  DOI: 10.16842/j.cnki.issn2095-5588.2019.06.007 Abstract ( 611 )   PDF（pc） (562KB) ( 1308 )   Save The tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) is the most common dilemma of speech error in older peoples daily life, which will trigger negative influence on their social communication. The transmission deficit theory proposes that the connection between the semantic and phonological systems gets weak with aging, and the semantic information will become more and more difficult to transmit to the phonological system completely, resulting in the inaccessible of the speech. However, this model does not expound the concrete mechanism. The inhibition deficit theory suggests TOT is closely related to the age-related decline in inhibiting irrelevant information, but we could find little direct experimental evidence to support this hypothesis. Incremental-knowledge theory provides a new perspective to explain the reason of TOT aging. Future research need to focus on the underlying aging mechanism of TOT, so as to provide more effective intervention to resolve the social communication dilemma in older adults. Related Articles | Metrics