Psychology: Techniques and Application

Psychology: Techniques and Application ›› 2026, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (7): 397-406.

Previous Articles     Next Articles

Development and Validation of the Adolescent Reading Fluency Test

  

  1. Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University
  • Accepted:2026-04-02 Online:2026-06-29 Published:2026-06-29

PDF (PC)

11

Abstract:

Reading fluency is not only a core cognitive basis of reading comprehension but also a processing mechanism that enables rapid and automatic semantic integration based on accurate decoding. Reading fluency is not only a core cognitive foundation for reading comprehension but also a processing mechanism that enables rapid and automatic semantic integration based on accuracy. This study aimed to develop a reading fluency assessment for adolescents and systematically evaluate its reliability and validity, as well as establish corresponding normative data. The results indicated that: (1) the assessment demonstrated strong test-retest reliability, split-half reliability, internal consistency, and criterion-related validity; (2) while the overall test and single-sentence items were of moderate difficulty, multi-sentence and passage-level items were more challenging, reflecting differences in the demands of various reading levels; (3) single-sentence items showed relatively low discriminative power, whereas multi-sentence and passage-level items exhibited higher discrimination; and (4) both the total score and single-sentence scores showed good discriminative validity, effectively distinguishing students with different reading abilities. Overall, this assessment can be applied in educational settings to assist in screening and diagnosing reading difficulties among adolescents, and serves as a valuable tool for educational interventions across diverse teaching scenarios.

Key words:

CLC Number: 

  • G449
[1] HAN Fei, XIE Meng, DONG Jimei.
Longitudinal Relationship between Perceived Discrimination and Aggression among Rural Middle School Students: The Mediating Role of Loneliness
[J]. Psychology: Techniques and Application, 2026, 14(4): 247-256.
[2] ZHU Yifang, ZHU Fengru, LU Fengying.
The Effect of Self-Esteem on Directed Forgetting of Negative Memories in Middle School Students
[J]. Psychology: Techniques and Application, 2025, 13(8): 457-468.
[3] ZHAO Hanxu, QI Bing, CAI Zhiwei, YAN Pengyun, GONG Ningning.
Cumulative Family Risk and Self-injury Behavior with Junior Middle School Students:The Role of Experiential Avoidance and Cognitive Flexibility
[J]. Psychology: Techniques and Application, 2025, 13(10): 599-609.
[4] ZHAO Taige, ZHANG Yilin, XU Liuqing, XIN Sufei. The Relationship Between Rumination and Adolescent Learning Burnout: A Moderated Mediation Model [J]. Psychology: Techniques and Application, 2024, 12(7): 403-411.
[5] XUE Yan, ZHENG Min, ZHANG Xue, XU Wei. The Relationship between Anger Rumination and Cyberbullying: the Mediating Role of Trait Anger and Hostile Cognition [J]. Psychology: Techniques and Application, 2022, 10(4): 238-246.
[6] LEI Zeyu, Wuyuntena, JIN Tonglin. The Relationship Between Intrinsic Life Goals and Subjective Well-being of Middle School Students: The Mediating Role of Basic Psychological Needs [J]. Psychology: Techniques and Application, 2021, 9(5): 313-320.
[7] HUANG Dawei, WANG Zhangjun, LIU Li, CHENG Shengfeng, HAN Hua, ZENG Lianping. Liang-xin of Middle School Students from the Perspective of Mencius Thought: Connotation, Structure and Measurement [J]. Psychology: Techniques and Application, 2019, 7(2): 88-106.
[8] . Feeling of the Passage of Time: Concept Exploration,Scale Development and Its Reliability and Validity [J]. Psychology: Techniques and Application, 2017, 5(9): 542-552.
[9] . The Structure and Psychometric Valuation of Selftranscendence Meaning of Life Scale in Chinese Middle School Students and College Students:An Analyzing Perspective from Taoist Philosophy and Buddhist Philosophy [J]. Psychology: Techniques and Application, 2017, 5(2): 65-72.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] WEI Xiao, LAN Jijun. Analysis of the Present Situation and Trend of Psychology Researchin China in Recent 10 Years ——Take the Dissertation Distribution of the 14th-19th China Congress of Psychology as an Example[J]. Psychology: Techniques and Application, 2018, 6(8): 503 -512 .
[2] LIU Yang, LIU Xiaomeng, LI Shuangyi, WAN Zaojun, YUAN Yuan. The Impact of Parental Leadership on Job Satisfaction: the Mediation Effect of Supervisor-subordinate Relationship[J]. Psychology: Techniques and Application, 2018, 6(9): 513 -521 .
[3] HAN Pu, ZHANG Feng, LEI Xiuya. The Relationships of Childrens Kinetic School Drawings and its Self-sense of Power[J]. Psychology: Techniques and Application, 2018, 6(9): 522 -527 .
[4] ZHANG Hongchuan, SU Song, LV Jieyu, ZHANG Mei, XIN Ziqiang. Financial Capacity Based on the Rational Decision-Making View: Concept, Construct and Measurement [J]. Psychology: Techniques and Application, 2018, 6(8): 465 -471 .
[5] . [J]. Psychology: Techniques and Application, 2018, 6(10): 599 .
[6] PAN Chaochao, ZHOU Aibao, LIU Jintao, XIE Pei. Study on Attentional Bias of Emotional Faces in Emotion Induced Situations[J]. Psychology: Techniques and Application, 2018, 6(10): 600 -605 .
[7] YUAN Shangqing, SUN Tie, ZHENG Luming, XIAO Feng. The Effect of Stress on Implicit Time Underlying Different Dynamic Conditions[J]. Psychology: Techniques and Application, 2018, 6(9): 543 -548 .
[8] LIN Tong, WANG Juan. Research on Spoken Word Comprehension in Visual World Paradigm[J]. Psychology: Techniques and Application, 2018, 6(9): 570 -576 .
[9] JIANG Mingzhao, SUN Ling, ZHANG Hongchuan. The Relationship between Socioeconomic Status and Obesity and its Underlying Mechanism[J]. Psychology: Techniques and Application, 2018, 6(10): 622 -628 .
[10] . The Relationship between Attitudes toward Agingin Older Adults and Cognitive Aging[J]. Psychology: Techniques and Application, 2016, 4(6): 336 -343 .