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01 December 2021Volume 8 Issue 12 Previous Issue   

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The Development of Financial Literacy Tests for Chinese Citizens:A General Report XIN Ziqiang, ZHANG Hongchuan, SUN Ling, YU Yonghong, XIN Zhiyong Psychology: Techniques and Application. 2020, 8 (12):  706-717.  DOI: 10.16842/j.cnki.issn2095-5588.2020.12.001 Abstract ( 455 )   PDF（pc） (743KB) ( 482 )   Save Precise assessment of individuals financial literacy is the precondition of corresponding research and practice, however, at present there is lack of financial literacy test tools with clear theoretical frameworks and good psychometric characteristics. The current study has developed the Financial Literacy Tests (FLT) for Chinese citizens which include three sets of tests (five tests): financial knowledge test, financial capacity test, and financial value tests consisting of three tests of financial management values, wealth values and financial ethics. The five tests of FLT as a whole have good criterion-related and construct validities. The framework of FLT is the theory of triarchic structure of financial literacy. Based on the integration of two different human nature views (homo economicus vs. homo sociologicus), the theory proposes that financial literacy is a composite consisting of financial knowledge, financial capacity, and financial values. The scores of five tests of FLT can be further computed into the index of homo economicus (the average of scores of financial knowledge, financial capacity and financial management values ) and the index of homo sociologicus (the average of scores of wealth values and financial ethics), and both indexes should be used together to show the levels of individuals financial literacy. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Development of the Financial Knowledge Test for Chinese Citizens SUN Ling, XIN Ziqiang Psychology: Techniques and Application. 2020, 8 (12):  718-725.  DOI: 10.16842/j.cnki.issn2095-5588.2020.12.002 Abstract ( 316 )   PDF（pc） (588KB) ( 672 )   Save Financial knowledge is a necessary aspect for citizens to handle financial matters in their daily lives. An effective assessment of citizens financial knowledge is a fundamental work in the research and education of financial literacy. On the base of the existing literature and expert interviews, this study proposed that Chinese citizens should have financial knowledge in four content areas: financial vision, balance of payments, wealth growth, and risk prevention. Financial knowledge questions were compiled for each of these areas. After two rounds of administering the test and one round of expert assessment, a financial knowledge test consisting of 20 multiple-choice questions was developed. The final version of the test had moderate difficulty, good item differentiation, acceptable reliability, and fine validity. The test met psychometric requirements and was a high-quality financial knowledge assessment tool. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Development of Financial Capacity Test for Chinese Citizens ZHANG Hongchuan, XIN Ziqiang, WU Xueyang Psychology: Techniques and Application. 2020, 8 (12):  726-735.  DOI: 10.16842/j.cnki.issn2095-5588.2020.12.003 Abstract ( 312 )   PDF（pc） (713KB) ( 542 )   Save Financial capacity is a component in the triarchic structure of financial literacy, which is an important determinant of ones rational financial decision making behavior. However, existing literature lacks an effective measurement to this component. The present study aimed to develop a financial capacity test for Chinese citizens. First, based on the dual process model we proposed that the core of the financial capacity is the ability to make rational decisions, and we further suggested some peripheral capacities in addition. Second, we developed a primary question bank according to the primary theoretical construct involving the above core and peripheral financial capacities, and then revised it following two rounds of online and one round of paper-and-pencil investigations. Finally, a formal test version including three sub-tests and 15 items was developed and administrated to a sample of 574 participants. The results showed that the financial capacity test for Chinese citizens exhibited a medium difficulty level and satatisfying discriminability, together with good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, structural and criterion-related validities, proving itself to be a good measurement of the financial capacity. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Development of Financial Values Tests for Chinese Citizens XIN Zhiyong, YU Yonghong, XIN Ziqiang Psychology: Techniques and Application. 2020, 8 (12):  736-746.  DOI: 10.16842/j.cnki.issn2095-5588.2020.12.004 Abstract ( 386 )   PDF（pc） (622KB) ( 523 )   Save Financial values are important indicators with dynamic and guiding functions in the triarchic structure of financial literacy (together with financial knowledge and financial capacity), but up to now their importance has not been recognized and there has not been a set of standardized financial values measurement tools. Based on literature analysis, expert interview, investigation of financial activities and theoretical construction, this study proposed that financial values are a system consisting of financial management values, wealth values and financial ethics, and developed corresponding three tests. After several rounds of measurement and revision, the formal versions of the three tests were developed. Finally, the structure of each test was determined. Concretely, the test of financial management values includes three factors of cognition, positive emotion and negative emotion toward financial management activities. The test of wealth values involves comparison of money and wealth with three factors named personal value, social value and transcendent value. The test of financial ethics includes three factors such as selfother ethics, selfgroup ethics and selfnation ethics. All the three tests have good reliability and validity indexes, which together constitute the Financial Value Tests for Chinese citizens. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Underlying Mechanism of Materialism on Price Quality Effect: A Moderated Moderation Model XU Kaiqiang, ZHAO Na Psychology: Techniques and Application. 2020, 8 (12):  747-754.  DOI: 10.16842/j.cnki.issn2095-5588.2020.12.005 Abstract ( 545 )   PDF（pc） (627KB) ( 559 )   Save In order to explore the relationship between materialism and price quality effect and their mechanism, this study investigated 486 participant through questionnaires. The results showed that: (1) materialism had a significant positive predictive effect on price quality effect; (2) The sense of belonging played a mediating role between the third dimension of materialism(pursue happiness by acquiring wealth) and price quality effect; (3) marital status had a stronger moderation effect on the sense of belonging among married people. This research not only enrichs the existing theoretical research, but also helps to clarify the image of materialists. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Influence of Adolescent Shyness on Social Anxiety:Multiple Mediating Effects of Self-acceptance and Evaluation Fear YOU Qingxiu, QIN Yaping Psychology: Techniques and Application. 2020, 8 (12):  755-762.  DOI: 10.16842/j.cnki.issn2095-5588.2020.12.006 Abstract ( 736 )   PDF（pc） (662KB) ( 1170 )   Save To explore the mechanism of selfacceptance and evaluation fear between shyness and social anxiety. A total of 404 junior and senior high school students were selected and tested by Shyness Scale, Social Anxiety Scale, Selfacceptance Scale, Positive Evaluation Fear Scale and Negative Evaluation Fear Scale. The results showed that (1) Shyness, selfacceptance, fear of negative evaluation, fear of positive evaluation and social anxiety were significantly correlated. (2) The results of structural equation model showed that shyness not only predicted social anxiety directly, but also through the indirect path of evaluation fear, as well as the chain mediating path between selfacceptance and evaluation fear. Conclusion: Selfacceptance and evaluation fear plays multiple mediating roles in shyness predicting social anxiety. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Relationship Among Social Support, Self-efficacy and Depression of Patients with Malignant Hematologic Diseases ZHANG Limin, LIU Chuanxin, QU Kejia Psychology: Techniques and Application. 2020, 8 (12):  763-768.  DOI: 10.16842/j.cnki.issn2095-5588.2020.12.007 Abstract ( 403 )   PDF（pc） (587KB) ( 416 )   Save Based on questionnaire method, this study investigated the relationship among social support, selfefficacy and depression of patients with malignant hematologic diseases, including a sample of 284 patients as participants. The results: (1) the scores of depression in patients with malignant hematologic diseases were significantly higher than those in the national norm; (2) selfefficacy and social support were positively correlated, while selfefficacy and social support were negatively correlated with depression in patients; (3)selfefficacy partially mediated the relationship between social support and depression. The results shows that depression in patients with malignant hematologic diseases is affected by their social support and selfefficacy, and social support affects their depression through selfefficacy. Related Articles | Metrics