The positive effects of action video games on individual visual processing can be systematically explained through the dual-process theory framework. In low-level (bottom-up) visual processing, players exhibit heightened visual acuity, precision, and contrast sensitivity; in high-level (top-down) visual processing, they demonstrate superior attentional control and allocation abilities. Neuroimaging studies indicate that enhanced functional connectivity in the parietal-frontal network supports the automation of bottom-up processing, while increased inhibitory function in the medial temporal lobe is closely associated with optimized active control in top-down processing. Cross-sectional studies reveal significant visual processing advantages among habitual players, whereas intervention studies show less pronounced improvements in non-players—a discrepancy that may be attributed to selection bias, insufficient training duration, and sample size limitations. Different game genres exert distinct cognitive effects: shooter games enhance visual processing, while adventure games improve executive functions and problem-solving abilities. Future research should prioritize the rational selection of participants, the reliability, validity, and long-term efficacy of intervention training, as well as the practical utility of action video games among diverse age groups, particularly children and older adults.

action video game, visual processing, visual precision, attention control, attention distribution