女性缺失, 性别差异, 性别刻板印象, STEM兴趣

This study reviews the relevant literature from the past decade to analyze the underlying reasons for the low participation and high attrition rates of women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields, considering biological, psychological, and socio-environmental factors. Biological factors encompass brain structure and sex hormones; psychological factors involve self-efficacy, cognitive abilities, and interest in STEM subjects; socio-environmental factors include gender stereotypes, family influences, and educational settings. Current intervention studies primarily focus on educational and governmental strategies within schools, families, and social media, aiming to mitigate gender stereotypes and enhance interest in STEM subjects. Future research should broaden its scope to encompass emerging STEM fields, increase localized studies, and evaluate the long-term effects of various interventions

female dearth, gender differences, gender stereotype, STEM interest