心理技术与应用 ›› 2021, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (5): 257-269.doi: 10.16842/j.cnki.issn2095-5588.2021.05.001

• •    下一篇

经济人信念: 自利与理性的特点及其不同作用

刘国芳,辛自强   

  1. (1 上海海事大学经济管理学院,上海 201306)
    (2 中央财经大学社会与心理学院,北京 100081)
  • 出版日期:2021-05-01 发布日期:2021-05-18
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重大项目(17ZDA325)。

Homo Economicus Belief: The Characteristics of Selfishness and Rationality and Their Roles Indifferent Mentalities and Behaviors

LIU Guofang1; XIN Ziqiang2   

  1. (1 School of Economics and Management, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China)
    (2 School of Sociology and Psychology, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China)
  • Online:2021-05-01 Published:2021-05-18

摘要: 在新冠肺炎疫情期间,调查分析了1074名普通民众的经济人信念特点,及其对三类心理行为(自利取向的变量:物质主义;社会取向的变量:财富价值观、财经伦理观、关系投资、捐赠行为、一般信任;中性变量:自由市场理念、主观幸福感)的影响。结果发现:(1)经济人信念的自利与理性两个维度相对独立;(2)男性在自利与理性维度上的得分均高于女性,学历越高自利水平越低;(3)在强度和方向上,自利与理性两个维度对研究涉及的心理行为有不同的预测能力,例如,自利与理性能够正向预测物质主义,自利能够负向预测所有社会取向的变量,理性对各变量的影响具有不一致性;(4)以自利与理性为外显变量的聚类分析将被试分为三类:低自利高理性的温情型经济人、中自利中理性的温和型经济人、高自利高理性的冷酷型经济人,三类人在心理行为变量上均存在显著差异。

关键词: 经济人, 自利, 理性, 公共卫生事件

Abstract: During the epidemic of COVID-19, the homo economicus belief and a series of dependent variables of 1074 Chinese were investigated. The dependent variables were divided into one of three categories: variables of self-interest orientation (i. e. material values); variables of social orientation which contained wealth values, financial ethics values, willingness of relationship investment, willingness of donating, and general trust; and neutral variables such as free-market ideology and subjective well-being. The results showed that (1) the two dimensions of homo economicus belief, i. e. selfishness and rationality, were relatively independent; (2) men exhibited higher levels of selfishness and rationality than women, and higher levels of education were associated with lower levels of selfishness; (3) there were differences in the predictive validities of selfishness and rationality, for example, both selfishness and rationality positively predicting material values, and selfishness negatively predicting all variables of social orientation; (4) a cluster analysis of participants responses in the scale of homo economicus revealed that participants exhibited one of three classes: warm homo economicus (low in selfishness and high in rationality), moderate homo economicus (moderate in both selfishness and rationality), or cold homo economicus (high in both selfishness and rationality).

Key words: homo economicus, selfishness, rationality, public health emergency

中图分类号: 

  • B849
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