关键词: 第三方利他行为, 第三方利他惩罚, 第三方利他补偿, 公平

Abstract:

Third-party altruism is the act of punishing the violator or compensating the victim by a third-party bystander who is not directly related to the event. The dictator game paradigm and the public goods game paradigm are the classic research paradigms for third-party altruistic behavior. The article compares relevant studies from studying only third-party punishment to combining third-party punishment and compensation, and describes the psychological development mechanisms of third-party altruistic behavior from different perspectives such as normative activation theory, fairness preference theory and strong reciprocity theory, as well as dual system model and dual processing model. Future research can explore the influencing factors and developmental mechanisms of individuals' preferences for punishment and compensation in the same context, deepen the neurophysiological mechanisms of these two types of decisions and their game processes, and pay attention to probing their occurrence chances and characteristics as well as their application values in real situations.

Key words: third-party altruistic behavior, third-party altruistic punishment, third-party altruistic compensation, equity