关键词: 感恩, 亲社会行为, 元分析, 调节效应, p-curve

Abstract: A meta-analysis was conducted to explore the effect of trait and state gratitude on prosocial behavior, as well as the factors affecting this relationship. Through Chinese and English literature retrieval, 99 cases and 136 independent effect sizes together with 30849 participants which met the inclusion criteria of meta-analysis were selected. The meta-analysis of the relationship between trait gratitude and prosocial behavior included 95 independent samples (N=26850), and 41 independent samples (N=3999) were used to analyze the influence of state gratitude on prosocial behavior. Heterogeneity test indicated that random effects model was appropriate for the meta-analysis. Main-effect test findings demonstrated that there was a significant positive correlation between trait gratitude and prosocial behavior (r=0.41, p<0.001). The moderator analysis revealed that trait gratitude measurement tools moderated the relationship between gratitude and prosocial behavior. However, the age of participants, measurement tools of prosocial behavior and culture had no moderate effect. In addition, the induction of state gratitude significantly impacted on prosocial behavior, with a large effect size (d=0.78, p<0.001). No moderators were found. The p-curve analysis showed that the p-curves of the two meta-analyzes were both significant right skew states, indicating that the relationship between the trait gratitude and prosocial behavior and the effect of state gratitude on the prosocial behavior both had real effects, not caused by publishing bias or p-hacking.

Key words: gratitude, prosocial behavior, meta-analysis, moderate effect, p-curve