心理技术与应用 ›› 2019, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (9): 523-535.doi: 10.16842/j.cnki.issn2095-5588.2019.09.002

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学龄前儿童中的共情及其不同成分

  

  1. (北京大学心理与认知科学学院, 行为与心理健康北京市重点实验室,北京 100871)
  • 出版日期:2019-09-01 发布日期:2019-09-03
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31571134, 31872782)。

Different Empathy Components of Preschool Children

  1. (School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)
  • Online:2019-09-01 Published:2019-09-03

摘要: 以北京市两所幼儿园的3~7岁儿童为研究对象,修订教师评价版Griffith共情量表。结果显示,修订后的Griffith共情量表包含情绪、认知、行为三个维度,不同成分间可能存在年龄差异,情绪共情相对比较成熟,行为共情在3~4岁出现变化,认知共情要到4~5岁才比较明显。对照儿童结构化观察中产生的共情反应,三个维度与儿童不同方面的反应有关联。综上,教师评价版Griffith共情量表可作为测查共情能力的有效工具,刻画学龄前阶段共情不同成分的状况。

关键词: Griffith共情量表, 共情, 学龄前儿童

Abstract: Empathy refers to the propensity to “share and understand others feelings during social interaction”. Preschool years are considered as the beginning of social interactions among children, a critical period for empathy development. However, for this period it was lacking in valid measurement methods. The purpose of this study was to develop a suitable measurement method for empathy of preschool children and investigate its different components.In Study 1 (Experiment 1), the Griffith Empathy Measure (GEM) was revised by changing the parent-report format to teacher-report, and the revised version was applied to a sample of 207 children. An exploratory factor analysis showed that, the revised GEM consisted of 3 individual components named affective, cognitive and behavioral components respectively, each accounting for 4254%, 10. 12% and 691% of variance. The cronbach alphas were 092 for the full scale, and 092, 085 and 081 for affective, cognitive and behavioral subscales, therefore the reliability of the study was good. In Experiment 2a of Study 2, the structure of GEM revised in Experiment 1 was verified and the characteristics of the three empathy components were investigated. A confirmatory factor analysis indicated that, the three-factor model had better fitting results than the conventional two-factor model. Comparison by age showed that, the three individual components exhibited different characteristics. Specifically, affective empathy almost matured by preschool age, and the critical period for the development of behavioral empathy was at the age of 3 and 4, but cognitive empathy would not start developing rapidly until the age of 4 and 5. In Experiment 2b, the spontaneous empathic responses of 39 children in natural situations were investigated by emotion simulation procedure. The correlation between the revised GEM and spontaneous empathic responsive behaviors were different among the three components.In summary, the current findings suggested that GEM was a suitable measure for assessing empathy characteristic for preschoolers. The affective, behavioral and cognitive components were closely linked with spontaneous responses to others distress and sequentially developed during preschool years.

Key words: Griffith Empathy Measure, empathy, preschool children

中图分类号: 

  • B842.6
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